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From: Orlin Baev
Date: 03 Oct 2007
Time: 21:52:54 -0500
Remote Name: 24.197.196.252
Both! We are born with some genetic inclinations – extraversion or introversion, temper, some basic character traits, etc. Whether we have inborn genetic inheritance for internal or external locus of control, i.e., whether we have strong inner motivation for achievement, self confidence, etc., or we are letting the outward circumstances to lead our life, to determine our goals and beliefs, etc. – in my opinion it depends from several factors: 1) The pedigree – in the genealogical tree (I mean its representation on genetic level) is recorded the entire sequence of the cognitive, affective and behavioral life of our predecessors. It certainly matters what they have been thinking, feeling and doing in the course of their lifetimes. These records are stored and deeply engraved within our DNA structures. In psychology –in the system approach (Bateson, Minuchin…) and in the psychiatry, exploration of the pedigree of the person is important method. When you look at your pedigree, you will be amazed how much you repeat unconsciously the patterns of your ancestors. If they have been confident, successful people, the tendency you to have internal locus is high… In regards to the pedigree and the stuttering – well, there is strong evidences that stutterers have received big deal of their anxious characters and the neurotic temper from their predecessors. Researches with little stuttering children who still do not realize their problem, but have increased levels of anxiety and neuroticism, prove this hypothesis. 2) Prenatal period – it has tremendous value for the future prosperity or failure of the new individual. Wgat the mother thinks, how she experiences the stress, her understandings and strivings or vices – all is recorded as a basic predispositions in the child and these predispositions will interfere unconsciously in each deed of the future individual. 3) The early years of education – from the psychology we know a lot about the importance of these years for the character forming of the man – overprotective or ignoring mothers, castrating mothers, loving parents or distant ones… the stile of parenting shapes the child character, emotional patterns and so on and so on. So, we do have strong predisposition for certain type of character, determined from our parents and our predecessors. It includes the locus of control, of course. 4) Stuttering itself aids greatly for creation of external locus in it’s bearers. It oppresses, stops the impulses of the human being, seize ones strivings for socialization and achievement, blocks the motivation for success – at least strongly impedes it! So, I it is very possible that the average stutterer would possess external LOC with all its characteristics and behavioral models. 5) Fifth and the most important point here is: yes, stuttering helps for establishment external LOC, but it does not determine it. Here comes the importance of the personal will power, emotional intelligence and confidence. Whatever patterns we have already within us, whatever cognitive and emotional schemas we have created in the childhood and later, or even during the prenatal education and back in the pedigree (that we carry engraved on DNA level) – WE CAN CHANGE THEM! This is the most important. Te methods are discussed in this site widely! Greetings: Orlin