These articles primarily address research methodology or discipline-wide issues in the conduct of outcomes research.

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*IFA members receive free full-text to Journal of Fluency Disorders (see http://www.theifa.org/).

Ansel, B. M. (1993). Treatment efficacy research in stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18(2-3), 121-123.

Bernstein Ratner, N. (2005). Evidence-based practice in stuttering: Some questions to consider. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 30 (3), 163-188.

Blood, G. W. (1993). Treatment efficacy in adults who stutter: Review and recommendations. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 303-318.

Bothe, A. K. (2003). Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: V. The art of clinical practice and the future of clinical research. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28 (3), 247-258.

Brundage, S. B., Bothe, A. K., Lengeling, A. N., & Evans, J. J. (2006). Comparing judgments of stuttering made by students, clinicians, and highly experienced judges. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 31 (4), 271-283.

Conture, E. G. (1996). Treatment efficacy: Stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39 (5), S18-26.

Conture, E. G., & Guitar, B. E. (1993). Evaluating efficacy of treatment of stuttering: School-age children. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 253-287.

Cordes, A. K., & Ingham, R. J. (1996). Disfluency types and stuttering measurement: A necessary connection? Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39 (2), 404-405.

Curlee, R. F. (1993). Evaluating treatment efficacy for adults: Assessment of stuttering disability. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 319-331.

DiLollo, A. & Wolter, J. (2004, June 8). Qualitative research in communication disorders. The ASHA Leader, pp. 4-5, 16-17.

Dollaghan, C. A. (2004). Evidence-based practice in communication disorders: what do we know, and when do we know it? Journal of Communication Disorders, 37 (5), 391-400.

Fiez, J. A. (2001). Neuroimaging studies of speech: An overview of techniques and methodological approaches. Journal of Communication Disorders, 34 (6), 445-454.

Finn, P. (2003). Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: II. Clinical significance of behavioral stuttering treatments. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28 (3), 209-218.

Fosnot, S. M. (1993). Research design for examining treatment efficacy in fluency disorders. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 221-251.

Gilger, J. W. (1995). Behavioral genetics: Concepts for research and practice in language development and disorders. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38 (5), 1126-1142.

Golper, L. C., Wertz, R. T., & Brown, K. E. (2006, April 11). Back to basics: Reading research literature. The ASHA Leader, 11 (5), 10-11, 28, 34-35.

Ingham, J. C. (2003). Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: I. Definition and application. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28 (3), 197-207.

Ingham, J. C., & Riley, G. (1998). Guidelines for documentation of treatment efficacy for young children who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41 (4), 753-770.

Ingham, R. J. (1993). Stuttering treatment efficacy: Paradigm dependent or independent? Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 133-149.

Ingham, R. J. (1997). Valid distinctions between findings obtained from single-subject and group studies of stuttering: Some reflections on Kalinowski et al. (1995). Journal of Fluency Disorders, 22 (1), 51-56.

Ingham, R. J. (2001). Brain imaging studies of developmental stuttering. Journal of Communication Disorders, 34 (6), 493-516.

Jones, M., Gebski, V., Onslow, M., & Packman, A. (2001). Design of randomized controlled trials: Principles and methods applied to a treatment for early stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26 (4), 247-267.

Jones, M., Gebski, V., Onslow, M., & Packman, A. (2002). Statistical power in stuttering research: A tutorial. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45 (3), 493.

Kully, D., & Langevin, M. (2005, Oct. 18). Evidence-based practice in fluency disorders. The ASHA Leader, pp. 10-11, 23.

Langevin, M., & Kully, D. (2003). Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: III. Evidence-based practice in a clinical setting. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28 (3), 219-236.

Lewis, K. E. (1994). Reporting observer agreement on stuttering event judgments: A survey and evaluation of current practice. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 19 (4), 269-284.

Max, L., & Onghena, P. (1999). Some issues in the statistical analysis of completely randomized and repeated measures designs for speech, language, and hearing research. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42 (2), 261-270.

Meline, T., & Schmitt, J. F. (1997). Case studies for evaluating statistical significance in group designs. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 6 (1), 33-41.

Moscicki, E. K. (1993). Fundamental methodological considerations in controlled clinical trials. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 183-196.

Mowrer, D. E. (1998). Commentaries: alternative research strategies for the investigation of stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 23 (2), 89-97.

Nelson, P., & Goffman, L. (2006, May 2). Primer on research: Developing a research question. The ASHA Leader, 11 (6), 15, 26.

Oller, D. K. (2006, Nov. 7). Primer on research: Interpretation of correlation. The ASHA Leader, 11 (15), 24-26.

Olswang, L. B. (1993). Treatment efficacy research: A paradigm for investigating clinical practice and theory. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 125-131.

Onslow, M. (2003). Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: IV. Empowerment through evidence-based treatment practices. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28 (3), 237-245.

Plante, E. (2001). Neuroimaging in communication sciences and disorders: An introduction. Journal of Communication Disorders, 34 (6), 441-443.

Plante, E. (2004). Evidence based practice in communication sciences and disorders. Journal of Communication Disorders, 37 (5), 389-390.

Prins, D. (1993). Models for treatment efficacy studies of adult stutterers. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 333-349.

Robey, R. R. (2004). A five-phase model for clinical-outcome research. Journal of Communication Disorders, 37 (5), 401-411.

Robey, R. R., & Dalebout, S. D. (1998). A tutorial on conducting meta-analyses of clinical outcome research. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41 (6), 1227-1241.

Schuele, C. M., & Justice, L. M. (2006, Aug. 15). The importance of effect sizes in the interpretation of research. The ASHA Leader, 11 (10), 14-15, 26-27.

Starkweather, C. W. (1993). Issues in the efficacy of treatment for fluency disorders. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 151-168.

Tetnowski, J. A., & Damico, J. S. (2001). A demonstration of the advantages of qualitative methodologies in stuttering research. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26 (1), 17-42.

Thomas, C., & Howell, P. (2001). Assessing efficacy of stuttering treatments. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26 (4), 311-333.

Yairi, E. (1993). Epidemiologic and other considerations in treatment efficacy research with preschool age children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 197-219.

Yairi, E. (1996). Applications of disfluencies in measurements of stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39 (2), 402-404.

Yaruss, J. S. (1998). Real-time analysis of speech fluency: procedures and reliability training. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 7 (2), 25-37.

Yaruss, J. S., & Quesal, R. W. (2002). Academic and clinical education in fluency disorders: an update. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 27 (1), 43-63.

Multicultural concerns in fluency:

Finn, P., & Cordes, A. K. (1997). Multicultural identification and treatment of stuttering: A continuing need for research. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 22 (3), 219-236.

Robinson, T. L., Jr., & Crowe, T. A. (1998). Culture-based considerations in programming for stuttering intervention with African American clients and their families. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 29 (3), 172-179.

Van Borsel, J., Maes, E., & Foulon, S. (2001). Stuttering and bilingualism: A review. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26 (3), 179-205.