(1)Throughout this article I shall use the old-fashioned term, stutterer, and relieve the starkness of that word occasionally with the term person /people who stutter(s). I dislike the acronym PWS. It strikes me as euphemistic in-group jargon which, in its very loud proclamation of what it is not, tends to draw too much attention to itself. Moreover, it is the nature of euphemisms to take on the negative characteristics of the words they attempt to replace, so in the end one winds up with two perjoratives where there had once been only one.

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(2) In the summer of 1997 I finally met many of these people, "for real" at the annual conference of The National Stuttering Project in Buffalo.

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(3) This beautiful term was given me by a friend whose severe stutter fades to complete irrelevance in the glow of his dignity, gentleness and inspiring self-acceptance.

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(4) Sheehy, Gail: Passages: Predictable crises of adult life. New York: Dutton, 1976.

Spock, Benjamin: Baby and Child Care (Cardinal Edition). New York: Pocket Books, 1957.

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(5) Kubler-Ross, Elisabeth: On Death and Dying. New York: MacMillan, 1970.

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(6) Luterman, David M. Counseling Patients with Communication Disorders and their Families (3rd ed.) Austin, Texas: Pro-ed, pp 50 -73

Tanner, Dennis C. "Loss and Grief Implications for the Speech-language Pathologist and Audiologist." ASHA Journal #22, pp 916 - 922 (1980)

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(7) Suddenness of the loss is also usually considered to be an important determinant of the progress of the grieving process (REF. footnote 5). However, suddenness is hardly a matter of consideration for the adult developmental stutterer who is usually coming to terms with something he or she has lived with since childhood.

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(8) Krul, Renee: Stutt-L posting, 18 July 1998

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(9) The concept of shame occurs over and over again in stuttering literature. It is perhaps the single most debilitating part of the disorder, as it is often both cause and effect. An adequate list of publications that discuss shame in this context would be very long indeed, but people interested in pursuing this might want to begin with the publications of the Stuttering Foundation of America.

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(10) Starkweather, C. Woodruff; Sheryl Ridener Gottwald; Murray M. Halfond: Stuttering Prevention: a clinical method. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:1990. The above is one of many studies containing descriptions of very small children who are quite aware that there is something wrong with their speech. Whether or not they have conceptualized "stuttering" is rather beside the point in the present context: they cannot and do not deny the existence of a problem.

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(11) Sonnevi, Gören: Dreadful Things quoted in Um Stam Skólabarna, Guðfinna Guðmundsdóttir, Helga Ingibergsdóttir, Hildur Thorisdóttir, Pétur Pétursson tr. Námsgagnastofnun: Reykjav/iacute;k, Iceland, 1987.

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(12) Kuster, Judith: Personal communication.

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(13) Abbott, R.K.: Personal communication.

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(14) Jezer, Marty. Stuttering: A Life Bound up in WordsNew York: Basic Books; 1997.

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(15) Case study #7 -- SHP,

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(16) Courtney, Winifred F: The Young Charles Lamb, 1775 - 1802. London: MacMillan, 1982.

Lamb, Charles: The Complete Works of Charles Lamb, The Modern Library edition, New York, 1935.

Click here for links to several of Lamb's essays that deal with stuttering.

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(17) Kahn, Asim. "My Life as a Stutterer," The Stuttering Homepage

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(18) Luterman, David M. op. cit.

Tanner, Dennis C. op. cit.

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(19) Stutt-L interest list, May and June 1998.

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(20) Harrison, John C. : HAVING FUN: IT'S MORE POWERFUL THAN YOU THINK, from HOW TO CONQUER YOUR FEARS OF SPEAKING BEFORE PEOPLE (Anaheim Ca.; National Stuttering Project, 1994).

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(21) Van Riper, Charles."A Message from Charles Van Riper," Letting GO, the NSP Newsletter

Click here for a link to full text.

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(22) Heite, Louise. "Not All Christmas Presents Come in Wrapping Paper." Letting Go, December 1996.

Click here for a link to full text.

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(23) Jezer, Marty: (23)Jezer, Marty "Toastmaster icebreaker" posted to Stutt-L February 21, 1998

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(24) Bourland, Eric: Strategies for Stutterers.

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