REFERENCES

Adams, M.R., (1986). The Differential Assessment and Direct Treatment of Stuttering, in Handbook of Speech and Language Disorders, Edited by J.M. Costello & A.L. Holland, College-Hill Press, San Diego, Ca. 261-290.

Ambrose, N.G., Cox, N.J., & Yairi, E., (1997). The Genetic Basis of Persistance and Recovery in Stuttering, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 567-580.

Baum, H. (1997). A Framework for Assessing Treatment Outcomes and Efficacy, Fourth Annual Leadership Conference, Sperial Interest Division #4-Fluency and Fluency Disorders, May 1, Tucson, Arizona

Blood, I.M., Wertz, H., Blood, G.W., Bennett, S., & Simpson, K.C., (1997). The Effects of Life Stressors and Daily Stressors on Stuttering, Journal of Speech, Langunge, and Hearing Research, 40, 134-143.

Bloodstein, O. (1987). A Handbook onStuttering (4th Ed.). National Easter Seal Society. Chicago, Ill.

Boberg, E. (?). Behavioral Transfer and Maintenance Programs for Adolescent and Adult Stutterers. In J. Fraser Gruss (Ed.), Stuttering therapy: transfer and maintenance (Publication No. 19), 41-61, Memphis, TN: Speech Foundation of America.

Conture, E.G., McCall, G.N., & Brewer, D.W., (1977). Laryngeal Behavior During Stuttering, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 20, 661-683.

Cooke, P., (1994). Strategies for Lasting Change, Stuttering: Proceedings of the First World Congress on Fluency Disorders, Vol. 2, Edited by C.W. Starkweather & H.F.M. Peters, International Fluency Association, 461463.

Culatta, R., & Goldberg, S.A., (1995). Stuttering Therapy: An Integrated Appraach to Theory and Practice, Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, Mass.

Curlee, R.F., (1986). Suttering Disorders: An Overview, in Handbook of Speech and Language Disorders, Edited by J.M. Costello & AL. Holland, College-Hill Press, San Diego, Ca. 227-260.

Curlee, R.F., & Perkins, W.H. (Eds.), (1984). Nature and Treatment of Stuttering: New Directions, College-Hill Press, Inc., San Diego, Ca.

DeNil, L. (1994). The Role of Oral Sensory Feedback in the Coordination of Articulatory Movements in Adults Who Stutter: A Hypothesis, Stuttering: Proceedings of the First World Congress on Fluency Disorders, Vol. l, Edited by C.W. Starkweather & H.F.M. Peters, International Fluency Association, 19-22.

Draper, M.H., Ladefoged, P., & Whitteridge, D., (1959). Respiratory Muscles in Speech, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 2, 16-27.

Fairbanks, G. (1960). Voice and Articulation Drillbook~ Harper & Row, Inc., New York, New York.

Flavell, J.H. (1963). The Developmental Psychology of Jean Piaget. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey.

Gordon, P.A., & Luper, H.L. (1992). The Early Identification of Beginning Stuttering II: Problems, American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 1, 21-27.
Hill, D.G. (1995). Assessing the Language of Children who stutter. Topics in Language Disorders, 15, 60-79.

Hinton, V.A. & Arokiasamy, W.M.C. (1997). Maximum Interlabial Pressures in Normal Speakers. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 400-404.

Kroll, R, & De Nil, L., (1994). Locus of Control and Client Performance Variables as Predictors of Stuttering Treatment Outcome, Stuttering: Proxeedings of the First World Congress on Fluency Disorders, Vol. 2, Edited by C.W. Starkweather & H.F.M. Peters, International Fluency Association, 375-379.

Manning, W.H. (1996). Clinical Deeision Making in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Fluency bisorders. Delmar Publishers, New York.

Manning, W.H., (1994). The SEA-Scale: Self-Efficacy Scaling for Adolescents Who Stutter, Presentation to ASHA Convention, New Orleans.

Martin, R.R., Haroldson, S.K., & Triden, K.A. (1984). Stuttering and speech naturalness. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 49, 53-58.

Mysak, E.D. (1976). Pathologies of Speech Systems. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Balitmore, MD.

Ornstein, A., & Manning, W. (1985). Self-Efficacy Scaling by Adult Stutterers, Journal of Communication Disorders, 18, 313-320.

Perkins, W.H. (?). An Alternative to Automatic Fluency. In J. Fraser Gruss (Ed.), Stuttering therapy: transfer and maintenance (Publication No. 19), 63-74, Memphis, TN Speech Foundation of America.

Peters, H., Hietkamp, R., & Boves, L., (1994). Aerodynamic and Phonatory Processes in Dysfluent Speech Utterances of Stutterers, Stuttering: Proceedings of the First World Congress on Fluency Disorders, Vol. 1, Edited by C.W. Starkweather & H.F.M. Peters, International Fluency Association, 76-80.

Peters, T.J., & Guitar, B., (1991). Stuttering: An Integrated Approach to its Nature and Treatment, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland.

Prins, D. (1993). Models for Treatment Efficacy Studies of Adult Stutterers. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18, 333-349.

Quesal, R.W. (1997) Personal Communication.

Quesal, RW., (1997). Dean Williams' Approach to Stuttering Therapy: "Forward Moving Speech", http://mfrwq@uxa.ecn.bgu.edu, The Internet.

Ratner, N.B. (1995). Language Complexity and Stuttering in Children. Topics in Language Disorders, 15, 3247.

Ryan, B.P., (1974). Programmed Therapy for Stuttering in Children and Adults, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.

Seagrave, A. and Covington, F. (1989). Free From Fears. Simon and Schuster Inc., New York.

Schwartz, H.D. (1993). Adolescents Who Stutter. Journal of Flueney Disorders, 18, 289-302.

Shames, G.H., & Rubin, H., (19861. Stuttering Then and Now, Charles E. Merrill, Columbus, Ohio.

Shames, G.H., & Florance, C.L., (1980). Stutter-Free Speech, Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., Columbus, Ohio.
Starkweather, C.W. (1993). Issues in the Efficacy of Treatment for Fluency Disorders. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18, 151 - 168.

St. Louis, K., (1994). Investigations of Speech Naturalness Ratings, Stuttering: Proceedings of the First World Congress on Fluency Disorders, Vol. 2, Edited by C.W.Starkweather & H.F.M. Peters, International Flnency Association, 453-456.

Story, R.S., Alfonso, P.J., & Harris, K.S. (1996). Pre- and Posttreatment Comparison of the Kinematics of the Fluent Speech of Persons Who Stutter. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39, 991 -1005.

Subtelny, J.D., Worth, J.H., & Sakuda, M., (1966). Intraoral Pressure and Rate of Flow During Speech, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 9, 498-518.<

Titze, I. R., (1994). Principles of Voice Production, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey

Weiss, A.L. (1995). Conversational Demands and Their Effects on Flnency and Stuttering~ Topies in Language Disorders, 15, 1 8-3 1 .

Williams, D.E., (1972). A Point of View About 'Stuttering', in An Analysis of Stuttering/ Selected Readings, Edited by L.L. Emerick & C.E. Hamre, The Interstate Printers and Publishers, Inc., Danville, Illincis, 737-744.

Williams, D.E. (?). Working with Children in the School Environment. In J. Fraser Gruss (Ed.), Stuttering therapy: transfer and maintenance (Publication No. 19), 29-40,Memphis, TN: Speech Foundaton of America.

Yairi, E. (1993). Epidemiologic and Other Considerations in Treatment Efficacy Research with Preschool Age Children Who Stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18, 197-219.

Yaruss, J.S. (1997) Personal Communication

Zemlin, W.R. (1968). Speech and Hearing Science Anatomy and Physiology, Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

Zmarich, C., Magno-Caldognetto, E., & Vagges, K. (1994). Articulatory Kinematics of Lips and Jaw in Repeated /pa/ and /ba/ Sequences in Italian Stutterers, Stuttering: Proceedings of the First World Congress on Fluency Disorders, Vol.1, Edited by C.W. Starkweather & H.F.M. Peters, International Fluency Association, 43-47.