SPA 461 and 561. Fluency Disorders / Stuttering

Stephen B. Hood, Ph.D.

Review of Concepts and Terms: Helpful Hints for the Examinations

A-V-M – KYMR, RTSE, NNTH

Adjustment to fluency

Anticipatory Avoidance - Anticipatory Struggle

Advertising

Attitudes and Feelings

Audible-Inaudible

Avoidance -vs- Escape

Basal Fluency Level

Between-Word Disfluencies

Blockages and Closures

Cancellation (erase and fix)

Classical -vs– Operant

Conflict (Sheehan) ≥analogy to a tug of war≤

Core Features

DAF

de-awfulize – demystify – de-horriblize

Demand Speech - Display Speech

Desensitization (emotional and behavioral)

Disrhythmic Phonations

Episodic - Cyclical -vs- Chronic

Exteriorized Stuttering/Interiorized Stuttering

FEBS

F-I-D-T

Fixations

Fixed - Variable reinforcement schedules

Fluency enhancers (light contact, gentle onset)

Fluency Failure

Fluency Levels: Phonologic, Syntactic, Semantic, Pragmatic

Fluency Shaping -vs- Stuttering Modification

Fragmentation

Freezing – and ≥staying in the moment of stuttering≤

Freezing and Releasing

Frustration Tolerance

Gearing Up and Gearing Down

GILCU

Hard Contacts

Interiorized -vs- Exteriorized Stuttering

Intermittent Stuttering

Intermittent Reinforcement

Interrupter Devices

Johnson (normal nonfluency) -vs– Brutten (fluency Failure)

Language of Self Responsibility

Law of Effect

Levels of Fluency: phonologic, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic

MIDVAS

Molar Moments -versus- Molecular Types

National Stuttering Association (NSA)

≥Normal Nonfluency≤ -vs- ≥borderline/mild≤ stuttering

Nowness

Part-Word Repetition (sound-syllable)

PFAGH + Wf+Sf

Positive - Negative Reinforcement

Postponemenrt

Overt - Covert

Phonologic, Pragmatic, Semantic, Syntactic Fluency

Predisposing - Precipitating - Maintaining Factors

Preparatory Set

Proprioceptive Monitoring (high stimulus speech)

Pull-Out

Punishment

PWS

Ratio - Interval

Recoil

Safety Margin

Schedules of Reinforcement: Ratio/Interval, Fixed/Variable

Secondary Features / Secondary Behaviors – Accessory features/behaviors

Secondary Gain

Secondary Guilt

Shadowing

Shame and Guilt

Single-Syllable Whole Word Repetition

Speech Rate - Articulation Rate

Speeding Tickets and Talking Tickets

Spontaneous Recovery

Starters (verbal)

Stress: interpersonal, situational. Linguistic

Stuttering Foundation of America (STA)

Stuttering Home Page

Stuttering Modification - Fluency Shaping

Stutter-Like Disfluencies (SLD)

Tense Pauses

Time Pressure

Timers (gestural)

Turtle Talk (three components to this)

Vocalized-Nonvocalized

Voluntary Stuttering (advertising, pseudostuttering)

Within-Word Disfluencies