Caltha palustris L. (marsh marigold; cowslip)

It was reported to be one of the principal foods of the Menomini Indians of Wisconsin (Dunsmore 1979). It was boiled.

Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch. (hickory)

The nuts were eaten. Sugar was made from the sap or by boiling hickory chips.Carya tomentosa (Mill.) K. Koch. (shellbark; shagbark hickory). The nuts were pounded and made into a drink. Oil of nuts sometimes used to season broth when meat was scarce.

Ceanothus americanus L. (red root; Indian tea)

The leaves were used to make a tea.

Celtis occidentalis L. (hackberry)

The fruits were pounded up, dried, and used to season meat when cooking. The fruits could also be made into a mush.

Chenopodium album L. (lamb’s quarters)

The young and tender shoots were cooked and eaten.

Chenopodium ambrosiodes L. (Mexican tea; wormwood)

The seeds were ground into flour and made into bread. The young plants could also be cooked and eaten.

Chiogenes hispidula (L.) T.C.G. (creeping snowberry)

Leaves made into drink.

Citrullus lanatus (Thunbi.) Mansf. (watermelon)

The flesh was eaten raw. Many tribes in the southern midwestern states like Nebraska, Indiana, etc. cultivated watermelons (Gilmore 1977).

Cornus canadensis L. (bunchberry; dwarf cornel)

The berries were eaten.

Corylus americana Walt. (hazelnut)

The nuts were eaten raw with honey or cooked in soups.

Corylus cornuta Marsh. (beaked hazel)

The nuts were gathered and eaten in the milk stage. Some also dried for winter use.

Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe. (red hawthorn)

The fruits were eaten as a famine food, when all other food sources were rare.

Crataegus spp. (thornapple)

Fruits eaten raw, made into cakes, or dried for winter.

Cucurbita maxima Duch. (squash)

Fruit flesh eaten cooked. This was cultivated.

Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin)

The fruit flesh was eaten cooked. This was cultivated.

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