Dine (Apache)
Location: The Dine are located in the Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma
and Texas). Ten sub-tribes make up the Dine nation, including the Aravaipa Apache, Chiricahua Apache, Cibecue Apache, Jicarilla Apache, Kiowa
Apache, Lipan Apache, Mescalero Apache, Tonto Apache, Western Apache and White
Mountain Apache.Language: Their native language is Athapascan.
The Dine people actually call themselves the Dine
meaning "The People," but other nations have called them Apache (pronounciation: ah-patch-ee), which is
Zuni for “enemy”.
History: The late fifteen hundreds was to be both a pivotal time and a turning
point in Dine history. New intruders, with new technology and new
fighting tactics were going to push their way North into Dine
territories. These intruders would take the form of the Spanish. The
presence of the Spanish would serve to increase their ferocity as warriors and
became a factor in the Dine displacement from their main living and food
sources.
With the Spanish, came the horse, increasing the Dine's ability to roam
for food. They also had increased ability to raid settlements and defend
their territory in a swift and unsuspecting manner. The arrival of the Spanish
also signified the beginning of a continuous state of war and displacement for
almost 300 years. First by the Spanish, then buy the U.S. Government, who
assumed control over New Mexico in 1848. In 1872 (after increased
pressure from both the Mexican and U.S. military to suppress the Apaches)
Dine chief, Cochise, signed a treaty with the U.S. Government. This treaty
would place the Dine on an Arizona reservation leaving only small bands of
Dine raiders to defend their territory. The Dine people were moved
three more times to Florida, Alabama, and the Oklahoma territory. They
are fittingly recognized as the last Indian nation to be placed on a
reservation.
Though this page has been carefully researched, the author does not
claim expertise on Dine history and culture.
Please send questions, comments, and corrections to emuseum@mnsu.edu and include the web address of this page.
If you are Dine, your feedback is much appreciated.
White Mountain Apache Tribe: http://www.wmat.nsn.us/
Yavapai-Apache Nation: http://www.yavapai-apache.org/
Jicarilla Apache Nation: http://jicarillaonline.com/
Nde Nation-San Carlos Apache: http://www.sancarlosapache.com/home.htm
Fort Sill Apache Tribe: http://www.fortsillapache.com/
Resources:
Dutton, Bertha. Indians of the American Southwest. Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1975.
Terell, John. Apache Chronicle, The Story of the People. New
York: The World Publishing Company. 1972.
Encyclopedia Encarta 99. CD ROM. Microsoft, 1999
Author: Jason Hamond
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