The Chamorro people are the native people of Guam. Numbering about 50,600 in the late 20th century, they are Indonesian with a considerable admixture of Spanish, Filipino, and other strains.
Guam lies in the Pacific Ocean about 5,800 miles ( 9,300 kilometers) west of San Francisco and 1,600 miles east of Manila. Guam has a pleasant tropical climate. Temperatures range from 70°to 90°F ( 21°to 32°C ) and are fairly even throughout the year. Average annual rainfall is about 95 inches ( 2,400 millimeters ), three-fourths of which falls during the wet season, generally starting in May or June and lasting through November. The even climate is punctuated by destructive typhoons that occur at irregular intervals.
Their vernacular, called the Chamorro Language, is not a Micronesian dialect but a distinct language with its own vocabulary and grammar. Pure-blooded Chamorros are no longer found in Guam, but the Chamorro language is still used in many native homes although numerous Spanish words in the vocabulary reflect the three centuries of Spanish rule in Guam and English is the island’s official language.
Prior to being an American Territory in 1898, Guam was colonized by Spain from 1521 which, in order to preserve the lucrative Spanish galleon trade routes, almost exterminated the original inhabitants of Guam. The Spanish policy was one of conquest and conversion to save the heathen souls by eliminating Guam’s indigenous male warriors through war and displacing them from their islands. They ignored that the Chamorro culture was matrilineal. The strength and fortitude of the Chamorro women successfully kept continuous the indigenous culture and traditions.
The Chamorro culture is known for their dance, sea navigation, unique foods and games. Songs and fashion have been influenced by people from other lands. The Chamorro culture has many complex social protocols centered upon respect. Some examples are kissing the hands of their elders, passing of legends, and chants. They are also masters of canoe making, belembautyan making ( a musical instrument ), sling stone making, weaving, manufacturing of spears, and other tools. The Chamorro culture includes the preparation of medicine and asking their ancestors for permission when entering the jungle.
Written by Takanori Shimodate
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