All of North Africa now under control of Muslim Empire by 701. The civil war in the Muslim Empire, lasted from 683 until 691 when Abd al-Malik an Umayyad, was able to defeat the Shiis and the Kharajites and assert his control over them. Abd al-Malik ruled the Muslim empire until 705, and during this time he enacted many changes. He loosened the laws that separated Muslims and dhimmis. He had the Dome of the Rock, the first Islamic monument built in 691. The Persian language was replaced with Arabic and Arabic coins started to appear. Like Muawiyyah Abd al-Malik was able to get his son, al-Walid, succeeded him.
Written by Alex Boyce, 2003