More Cultures
JapaneseThe Central Plains Woodland can be divided into three time periods. The Early Woodland (500 BC to AD 1), the Middle Woodland (AD 1 to AD 500), the Late Woodland (AD 500 to AD 900). The Kansas City Hopewell tradition dominated this area during the Early and Middle Woodland periods but started to fade away by the beginning of the Late Woodland period. This tradition was the most western of Hopewellian culture areas that originated from areas in Illinois (Havana), Ohio (Scioto), and other areas throughout the region.
Early Woodland
This is the developmental period in which little information is currently available. It is thought that migrations from Illinois and other Hopewell centers occurred during this period. The Kansas City Hopewellian culture probably evolved from people living in and around Nebo Hill, which is a late Archaic site. The main feature that separates the Early Woodland period from the Late Archaic is the emergence of ceramics. The ceramics found at several sites throughout this region are classified as being from Bowlin Phase.
Middle Woodland
The clusters of traits that mark this period are artifacts and burial customs that include special mounds. There is also evidence of a widely ranged trade network that mark it as part of the Hopewellian Interaction Sphere. This also marks the true beginning of the Kansas City Hopewell tradition which was well under way by AD 1. The settlement patterns for this period consist of villages and small, short-term camp sites that were used primarily for hunting and gathering. There are also sites with burial mounds. By around AD 250, the emergence of sedentism brought about agriculture on a very small scale. The people of this period started to plant maize, squash, and marsh elder.
Late Woodland
The Late Woodland lasted for about 500 years from AD 500 until about AD 1000. During this period things started to change. The Kansa City Hopewell culture begins to change and evolve into different cultures. The people of this period started to live in hamlets with two to three families and continue to rely on agriculture more and more. There were also campsites that represented a hunter/gatherer lifestyle that had no connection to the hamlets. These groups form the Central Plains Village culture called the Steed-Kisker Phase.
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