More CulturesThe Middle Missouri Tradition, which followed the Woodland Tradition, originated in Northwest Iowa, Southwest Minnesota, and Southeast South Dakota approximately 900 ca and flourished until 1500 ca. The Great Oasis and the Mill Creek culture were seen in the Middle Missouri tradition. The climate in the Middle Missouri tradition was almost as same as the period in the Woodland tradition. Several changes were seen in the Middle Missouri Tradition. One of the significant changes was that the Middle Missouri tradition people started to settle an area. The variety of the domesticated plants was increased with the sedentary settlement; therefore, the people are categorized into horticultural group of people.
The Middle Missouri Tradition is divided into 3 time periods, which are Initial, External, and Terminal Middle Missouri variant. For example, The Great Oasis and the Mill Creek culture were in the Initial Middle Missouri variant. However, both of them emerged between the late Woodland and the early Middle Missouri periods. Therefore, the Woodland tradition was a primary stage of both the Great Oasis and the Mill Creek cultures even though those cultures had different ways of life and different features of earthenware.
According to a study of the environment in the period between the Woodland tradition and the Middle Missouri tradition, the climatic change had a small effect on shifting from the Woodland tradition to the Middle Missouri tradition, because the climate in those periods were almost stable. The sedentary horticulture is typical of the Middle Missouri tradition. The horticulture was an important role of food resource. The Middle Missouri tradition people cultivated corn, beans, pumpkin, and squash and kept foods in storage pits. The people also hunt bison and gathered wild plants.
The Middle Missouri tradition was found in Iowa, Minnesota, and South Dakota. Each cultures belonged to the tradition had a different way of life. However, a characteristic common to all was beginning of sedentary and importance of horticulture. The horticulture is a mark of the Middle Missouri tradition like appearance of burial and pottery in the Woodland tradition.
http://twist.lib.uiowa.edu/plains/mmt.html Japanese
References
"A.D. 1000 -1650 Villagers and Warriors"; Native Nation of Iowa: Villagers and Warriors.(2000)
http://www.natiivenations.com/iowa/ia_prehis.html March 29,2001.
"The Great Oasis Culture"; Great Oasis Cultural History
http://www.uiowa.edu/~osa/research/GreatOasisCulturalHisto.htm
March 29, 2001.
"The Middle Missouri Tradition"; Plains Archaeology.
http://twist.lib.uiowa.edu/plains/mmt.html March 29, 2001.
"The Mill Creek Culture"; Mill Creek Culture (March 29, 1996)
"800B.C.- 1200A.D." (1999)
http://www.ohiokids.org/ohc/archaeol/p_indian/tradit/woodland.html March 31,2001.
Memories & Stories: The First People (2000)
http://www.natureshift.org/history/frst_P/plywood.html March 31,2001.