STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES
PURPOSE
MSU's mission statement says that we "promote learning through effective
undergraduate and graduate teaching . . ." In order to assure ourselves,
our students and our public that we are effectively promoting learning, we assess
students' mastery of the learning outcomes established by our various programs.
Then, in a cycle of continuous program improvement, we examine and refine the
curriculum, assignments and learning experiences supporting that learning.
HISTORY
A brief review of the history of the development of assessment processes at
Minnesota State University establishes a foundation for understanding the philosophy
and guidelines that accompany it. As early as 1992-93, an Assessment Committee
was established to begin formulation of assessment plans and guidelines. This
combined faculty/administration Committee prepared and distributed the first
Student Learning Outcomes Assessment Guidelines for MSU. By 1995-96 the Program
Review and Assessment Sub Meet had been formed and charged with responsibility
of developing an institutional assessment plan and related guidelines. The guidelines
were distributed to faculty by the Sub Meet. As the Sub Meet made its 1997-98
call for all departments to submit formal plans for assessment of student learning,
suggestions supporting development of effective plans were once again distributed.
Throughout this history, assessment philosophy and guidelines have reflected
the work of both the American Association of Higher Education and the North
Central Association. Those philosophical principles and assessment guidelines
are presented below.
PHILOSOPHY
Assessment of student learning at Minnesota State University is based on the
"Principles of Good Practice in Assessing Student Learning" established
in 1992 by the American Association of Higher Education. These principles assume
that assessment of student learning begins with identification of our educational
purposes; for example, "to promote learning". Those purposes are further
defined by the question, "What do we expect our students to know and be
able to do when they have completed their educational programs?" The AAHE
principles further suggest that, through assessment, we meet our responsibilities
to students and to the public, providing evidence of our effectiveness in promoting
learning.
The AAHE Principles also link assessment and the act of learning itself. Effective
learning integrates knowledge, occurs on many levels, and is demonstrated in
students' performance across time. For this reason, assessment works best when
it is ongoing and able to identify changes in student knowledge, skills and
attitudes. The kinds of learning experiences provided for students affect their
learning; therefore, the involvement of all faculty in the assessment process
is important in developing a complete understanding of students' success in
learning.
GUIDELINES (Based on current national standards)
STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
- Faculty determine student learning outcomes for
their programs. These outcomes may be shaped by the requirements of accrediting
agencies.
- Student learning outcomes help us meet department,
college and university mission and goals.
- Student learning outcomes are written in clear,
measurable terms.
- Student learning outcomes address student knowledge,
behavior/skills, and attitudes/dispositions.
ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS
- Faculty determine the assessment instruments and methods used in assessing
student learning outcomes established for their programs.
- Different assessment methods and instruments may be appropriate for different
programs, reflecting the diversity of our programs and their student learning
outcomes.
- Instruments and methods used are appropriate for the learning outcomes
being assessed.
- Criterion-referenced instruments should be used in assessing student learning.
That is, learning is assessed against pre-determined standards or qualities
of performance. Exceptions to this guideline may be made if departments wish
to consider the results of norm-referenced, standardized examinations such
as the GRE, national discipline-based exams, or national/state licensure or
certification exams.
- Student learning outcomes are assessed by a variety of direct and indirect
measures chosen by the faculty. Examples of effective direct indicators
of learning include pre- and post-testing; capstone courses; oral examinations;
internships; portfolio assessments; evaluation of capstone projects, theses
or dissertations; standardized national exams; locally developed tests, performance
of licensure, certification or professional exams; and juried reviews and
performances. Examples of effective indirect indicators of learning might
include information gathered from alumni, employers and students; graduation
rates; retention and transfer studies; graduate follow-up studies; success
of students in subsequent institutional settings; and job placement data.
Examples of effective data collection methods include paper and pencil
testing, essays and writing samples; portfolio collections of student work;
exit interviews, surveys, focused group interviews; the use of external evaluators;
logs and journals, behavioral observations; and many other research tools.
Research methods should be tailored to the type of data to be gathered and
the degree of reliability required.
- Assessment includes measures of "value added", such as pre- and
post-tests.
- Assessment occurs not only at the end, but also throughout the program.
- Assessment of student learning outcomes avoids curriculum review reports,
program evaluations, faculty recognition, student/faculty ratio, grades earned
in courses and GPAs. These do not directly reflect student learning.
DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS AND REPORTING
Effective assessment planning and processes include:
- Clear indication of whom will collect and analyze data.
- Regular, frequent collection and analysis of data.
- Clarity about whom will get reports on findings (ex. faculty, students,
dean, Program Review and Assessment Sub Meet, alumni, etc.).
There should be annual assessment activity and reporting of findings to the
College Dean and the Program Review and Assessment Sub Meet. Not every outcome
has to be assessed every year, but all outcomes must be addressed at least once
during the program review cycle in order to provide data for that review. Additionally,
at least one outcome from every academic degree program should be assessed each
year.
Assessment focuses on the enhancement of student learning through the continual
improvement of the educational process.
Feedback loops are essential in providing faculty with information useful
to the improvement of instruction and learning. Assessment is not an end in
itself. Feedback from analysis of assessment data leads to conclusions about
current program effectiveness. This, in turn leads to recommendations and plans
to improve the program. Effective feedback loops are characterized by clarity
at this stage--what will happen/change to improve student learning as a result
of assessment results. These changes are then implemented and evaluated within
the assessment cycle.
PROCESS
- Faculty design and implement the assessment program and use it to find
ways to improve the education they provide.
- Authority and responsibility for the design and operation of assessment
is shared throughout the faculty and administration.
- Strong campus-wide assessment committees and programs support the assessment
effort: Assessment Coordinating Council, Program Review and Assessment Sub
Meet and Confer, Faculty Coordinator of Assessment, and College and Department
Assessment Committees.
- Assessment of student learning outcomes is linked to program review to
encourage continual program improvement.
- Students should understand the purposes of assessment. Departments and
colleges at MSU are encouraged to provide information about assessment in
a variety of student-oriented publications and to include students on assessment
committees. Program-related student learning outcomes and related assessments
should also be included in course syllabi.
